Riddle Poems
This is all quoted/ saved from Eric S. Raymond's Home Page. The site fails to load but then if you leave it, does load on the second try. I've linked to the web page the riddle poems are on at the bottom of this post. The entire post has much more information, ideas, even challenges and history.
We know of many cultures that have riddle-poem traditions. The best-documented, and the one we'll be taking our model from, is the riddle-poem tradition of the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings, and the Teutons. These peoples of the Dark Ages played the riddle-game around their hearth-fires for more than five hundred years. Some of their riddles have come down to us.
Basic Riddle-Poem Construction
Here's an example of a riddle-poem in modern English in very traditional style and subject:
Riddle: A hoard of rings am I, but no fit gift for a bride; I await a sword's kiss.
Answer: A suit of chain-mail.
Note that it doesn't rhyme. Rhyme is nice in a riddle-poem, but strong rhythm (what poets call good scansion) is better. Actually, traditional riddle-poems hardly employed rhyme for structure at all; they used an elaborate set of stress rules and a technique called alliteration which we'll describe later on.
Rhythm --- speech rhythm --- is all-important. In composing riddle-poems that sound good, a bit of role-playing helps. When you're working on one, try to imagine yourself chanting it to a hall-full of drunken Vikings. Do they pound the tables and roar? Do they laugh? Or do they just plain not get it?
How to Make a Riddle-Poem
Work backwards. First, pick your answer. Then, imagine it speaking to you; describing itself, telling you what it does. Then make that into a little poem.
As I was thinking about the last paragraph, my eyes lit on the telephone beside my keyboard. I decided to make a riddle-poem for which telephone is the answer.
So I imagine the phone speaking to me. It says I carry the voices of people over many miles. That's a good start, but it's not specific enough; it could apply to a radio as well.
What distinguishes a phone from a radio? Wires. But if I mention wires directly, the riddle will be too obvious. So I think instead about what a phone looks like, analogizing it to a body. And I have it:
Riddle: One ear, one mouth, no legs, But I will carry your voice a thousand miles.
This is pretty nice. But the scansion in the second line is not quite right.
_ / _ / _ _ / _ / _ /But I will carry your voice a thousand miles.
This is close to iambic pentameter. It could be improved by a one-syllable verb replacement for carry. There are lots of possibilities; take, waft, send, bear. I like bear for its archaic sound. And so we have it:
/ / / / / /One ear, || one mouth, || no legs, _ / _ / _ / _ / _ / But I || will bear || your voice || a thou- || sand miles.
This is an easy riddle, but the construction worked well. In general, these are the steps you'll usually go through:
- Pick a subject.
- Imagine the subject speaking to you.
- If that doesn't work, analogize the subject to a body or creature.
- Adjust the description to the level of difficulty you want.
- For best poetic effect, fix the scansion in the result.