Posts in category “Ontario History”
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Ontario Steam and Antique Preservers Association

to advance the knowledge, appreciation & interest of rural antiques and Canada's agricultural heritage.

Ontario Steam Heritage Museum

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Where are the Dinosaurs in Ontario?

I've been watching "Walking with Dinosaurs" on BBC Earth.

There are lots of dinosaurs in Alberta. So, what about Ontario?

To give you a quick answer, our dinosaurs ended up being 'rock flour' ground up under advancing and retreating sheets of ice.

We do have the Devonian period with warm, shallow seas. Underwater millions of years ago.

Following is the information I could find about dinosaurs in Canada, especially Ontario. I've edited/ paraphrased but click the link to read the full article online.

GeoScienceInfo - Where are the dinosaurs?

...there is still a treasure trove of fossils just waiting to be uncovered here in Ontario. The fossils here are just much, much older than any dinosaur, because the time they lived in and thus the rocks that their remains eventually became fossilized within are much older. The rocks in southwestern Ontario range in age from the late Ordovician Period (about 455 million years) to the Late Devonian Period (about 360 million years). That is roughly 205-130 million years before the first dinosaur strutted on the scene.

The Mesozoic Era, sometimes colloquially called the Age of the Dinosaurs, lasted approximately 165 million years. Given that there would have been many billions of individual dinosaurs during that time, the remains of many little and big critters would have absolutely been buried in the sediments and later undergone fossilization across Ontario.

About 2.5 million years ago, global temperatures began to drop significantly, and ice sheets started to grow on the continents.

In North America, the Laurentide ice sheet covered most of Canada and some parts of the United States a number of times, as it advanced and retreated repeatedly in cycles of growth and shrinkage in response to climatic conditions. The ice sheet literally scraped many layers of rock away, turning whatever got in its way into a fine powder called “rock flour”. All those poor dinosaur fossils that waited so patiently to get their place of honour in a paleontology museum were instead ground up into dust.

Although glacial activity removed the fascinating rocks layers of the dinosaur-saturated Mesozoic Era here in Ontario, it ended up exposing the just-as-fascinating rock layers of the even older Paleozoic Era. The rocks that lie at or near the surface in southwestern Ontario range in age from the Upper (or late) Ordovician Period (about 455 million years old) around the Belleville to Peterborough area and get progressively younger as you drive southwest towards the Arkona area, where they are late Devonian in age (about 360 million years old). Although the fossils found in these rocks differ among species, there are many common types of fossils found in many of the limestone, dolostone, and shale outcrops throughout southwestern Ontario, from Ordovician to Devonian rock units.

Some of the most common types of fossils found in southwestern Ontario are corals. Although they look like plants, corals are actually marine animals that usually lived attached to the seafloor. The fossilized corals here in southwestern Ontario are either tabulate (colonial-type) or rugose (solitary and colonial type) corals. Other fossils are found in these rocks, such as brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, crinoid parts, trilobites, bryozoans.

From Canadian National Geographic:

In 1991, a high school teacher discovered a giant T. rex skeleton while canvassing the badlands near Eastend, Saskatchewan. Nicknamed Scotty, this 13-metre-long, 8,800-kilogram beast is the largest T. rex ever discovered.

Morden, Manitoba holds the Guinness World Record for the largest publicly displayed mosasaur. Bruce, a 13-metre-long, 80-million-year-old marine reptile prowled the inland seas that covered what is now the Canadian prairies.

Canada’s oldest discovered dinosaurs are long-necked Triassic-era plateosaurs found in the Bay of Fundy.

The Age of Dinosaurs Gallery inside the Royal Ontario Museum, features Gordo, the largest real fossil skeleton in the country, and one of only three barosaurus on display in the world.

The Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, Wembley, Alberta, sits adjacent to Pipestone Creek, one of the densest fossil beds anywhere in the world. It is final resting place for thousands of hadrosaur, tyrannosaur, nodosaur, plesiosaur, and pterosaur fossils.

Drumheller’s Royal Tyrrell Museum’s Dinosaur Hall has one of the largest mounted displays of dinosaurs anywhere in the world, including triceratops and T. rex. Also the gorgosaurus and the herd-roaming Edmontosaurus.

On Vancouver Island, in 1988, local fossil enthusiast Mike Trask was exploring a local river when he discovered an 80-million-year-old elasmosaurus, the first of its kind in Canada. Now in The Courtenay Dinosaur Museum.

From Canadian Encylopedia - Dinosaurs Found in Canada

Canada is home to some of the richest deposits of dinosaur fossils in the world. The vast majority of the dinosaurs discovered in Canada are from Alberta, where the rising Rocky Mountains at the end of the Cretaceous period and a network of ancient rivers provided the sediment necessary for burying and preserving their remains.

While fossil birds have been found in Canada, they are not well understood because their fossils are very rare, not well preserved, and generally incomplete.

While dinosaur remains have been discovered in Nova Scotia, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and Yukon, the fossils from these places are often not complete enough to identify to which species they belonged or have not yet been the subject of detailed scientific study. In the case of Nova Scotia, paleontologists have found fossils of a primitive armoured dinosaur, sometimes called Scutellosaurus, and of a long-necked, planting-eating dinosaur, informally called Fendusaurus eldoni.

Paleontologists can’t say exactly (and with certainty) what dinosaur species made footprints (called an ichnospecies) and eggs (called an oospecies). Many dinosaur footprints have been found in British Columbia and Nova Scotia.

GeoScienceInfo - Paleo-environment of Southwestern Ontario

The rocks and fossils in the Arkona-Kettle Point area of southwestern Ontario were deposited roughly 387 to 372 million years ago, in the Middle to Late Devonian Period.

During the Middle to Late Devonian Period, most of what is now North America was part of a large continent called Laurussia.

The Arkona area was situated just south of the equator during the mid- to late Devonian Period at a similar latitude to modern day Brazil. It had a tropical climate, with little variation in temperature.

Much of east-central North America, including the Arkona area, was a shallow inland sea during this time. There was little mixing of water between the inland sea and the open ocean, being largely surrounded by land, bounded by the main (Laurussian) land mass to the north, the Trans-Continental Arch to the northwest, and the Acadian Mountains to the southeast.

The warm, tropical shallow sea that once occupied southwestern Ontario teemed with tropical marine life. Offshore conditions in these seas were typically calm, promoting the establishment of underwater “meadows” of crinoids. Although these creatures, commonly called “sea lilies”, superficially looked like plants, they were indeed animals that lived attached to the seafloor, filtering small food particles out of the water. Various species of shelled animals called brachiopods also lived in large numbers on the seafloor filtering food out of the water.

Above the seafloor, the water column would have also been a busy place. Squid-like cephalopods with chambered buoyant shells (e.g., nautiloids), and fish would have swum near the bottom, preying on smaller organisms.

Corals were both abundant and diverse in the warm, shallow sea. In some cases, forming reef-like buildups (as seen in the Amherstberg Formation) or more sheet-like bodies called biostromes (as represented in the coral unit of the Hungry Hollow Member of the Widder Formation).

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Tkaronto or Toronto?

I'm not going to start calling Toronto (the capital of Ontario) another name. I like knowing the history and original meaning of the name. But, I'm not militant about Indigenous politics or decolonization.

You can't change history without a time machine, a lot of careful planning and good luck. Really, the animals were here before the native people. The plant life was here before the animals if you really want to feel obligated to honouring the past. I respect the native people, as we call them and they seem to call themselves, but not more than I respect the pioneers, settlers, traders and the current population in general. None of us were born more than 150 years ago. So who can you really feel apologetic to now? People need to live in the world now, as it is. Remembering and learning about history is wonderful. Preserving some of it is great. But, you can't live your life looking backwards, behind you. The past isn't going to change but you might walk into traffic and change your future.

This is why more people are now referring to Toronto as Tkaronto

Tkaronto is a Mohawk word meaning “where there are trees standing in the water,” according to several Mohawk speakers and aboriginal language expert John Steckley.

The marker was originally ascribed to The Narrows, between Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching, but later became associated with Toronto because it was there that the passage between Lakes Ontario and Simcoe existed.

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Ontario Wildflower Paintings by Agnes, daughter of Susanna Moodie

I've seen the illustrations here and there growing up in Ontario. I didn't pay attention to who created them. Just enjoyed the detail and the colours, the types of flowers: trilliums, lady's slipper, jack-in-the-pulpit, wildflowers I would look for in woodlands, gardens, anywhere they might turn up. Today I looked up the name and discovered she was the daughter of Susanna Moodie, a well known author here in Ontario.

Canadian born, Agnes Dunbar Fitzgibbon Chamberlin (née Moodie; 1833–1913) was an Ontario artist.

She was born Agnes Dunbar Moodie. Her parents were John and Susanna Moodie. Agnes learned how to paint flowers from her mother.

Susana (Strickland) Moodie, sister of Catharine Parr Traill, wrote about life as a New Canadian, 'Roughing it in the Bush' about her experience farming in Ontario during the 1830's. Her sister, Catharine, wrote from a different perspective, about history in Ontario.

In 1868, Canadian Wild Flowers was published, viewed as one of the first serious botanical works published in Canada, which included text by Catharine Parr Traill. The book, very expensive for its time, was sold by subscription, largely through its author's own efforts; as an enterprising widow, she also worked as an illustrator to support her children and herself.

Agnes had 2 husbands (remarried after the first died in 1865) and 9 children.

In 1863, she began her paintings of Canadian flora to illustrate a book by her aunt, Catharine Parr Traill. After the death of her husband, she began work on a book of Canadian wild flowers, with her water-coloured illustrations and Traill's text. The book attracted 500 subscriptions, a significant number at the time.

Her paintings have been presented at exhibitions in Canada, USA, and England since 1886. She died in Toronto in 1913. Her heirs presented her paintings and copies of Canadian Wild Flowers and Studies of Plant Life in Canada to the University of Toronto in 1934–5.

  • Summarized and quoted from Wikipedia.

I think we still have a copy of one of the reprints of the wildflower book. My Mother enjoyed Canadian and Ontario history along with gardening, antique furniture and other hobbies that became popular in the 1970's. That must be where I first saw these illustrations.

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The House in Ballantrae

Hiking in the GTA - Vivian – Ghost Towns Of The GTA

I know a house in Ballantrae, Ontario, which must have been built by the same people who built this one, that house is an old shop just at the corner on Vivian. I used to live in Ballantrae but I've never been inside that house, or even closer than looking from the street. I wanted to. This house is a local treasure, to me at least. I found it on a card sold via Etsy today. It doesn't seem to say who the artist is, might be easier to see on a larger size. Or, I could ask the Real Estate Board. But, mainly, I like seeing the house drawn as it is now. Who knows how it will be in the future. Nothing lasts forever, but houses aren't always so lucky with being maintained. I hope this one stays lucky a long time.

Update about the image: I had a link to vintage cards produced by the York Region Real Estate Board for sale on Etsy. They featured a print of a hand-drawn sketch of buildings located in Ontario. The link is not working now, the shop is closed and I found the York Region Real Estate Board merged with Toronto and is no more. If I can find the image I made as a screenshot I will post it. Until then, I found a post from Hiking in the GTA about the other house, up the street.

Vintage Cards of Ontario Buildings Blank Interior With | Etsy Canada Keeping the link in case its useful in finding the image again.